The shift from carburetors to electronic fuel injection (EFI) marked a significant leap in automotive technology during the 20th century. EFI systems offer unparalleled precision in managing an engine’s air-fuel mixture, leading to substantial gains in fuel economy and overall performance. This sophisticated control, however, hinges on a computer – the Engine Control Unit (ECU). Recognizing the potential to enhance classic vehicles, Kenyan engineer Peter Mbiria developed a custom ECU based on the Arduino platform, specifically designed for upgrading vintage cars with modern EFI.
Conversions to electronic fuel injection, whether from carburation or mechanical fuel injection, have traditionally been complex and costly. The primary hurdle lies in the need for a tailored computer control system for each specific engine. Unless dealing with highly popular car models where off-the-shelf solutions exist, the customization required often makes EFI upgrades impractical for most older engines. However, Mbiria’s innovative Arduino-based ECU simplifies this process considerably, making EFI conversion a viable option for breathing new life into vintage vehicles, improving both their fuel efficiency and power output.
Arduino-based Electronic Control Unit (ECU) installed in a classic car, showcasing the integration of modern technology in a vintage vehicle.
Mbiria’s creation, the Voltarent ECU, is versatile enough to manage four, six, and eight-cylinder engines. Post-conversion, it takes charge of both fuel injectors and ignition timing. A compact OLED screen, integrated into the car’s dashboard, provides real-time data, and a rotary knob allows drivers to select different driving modes – economy, comfort, and sport – adapting the engine’s behavior to driving preferences or conditions.
These selectable modes, and the fine-grained control over fuel injectors, are powered by complex algorithms embedded in the ECU’s firmware, all meticulously developed by Mbiria. He opted for the Arduino Due board as the core of his system. The Arduino Due was chosen not only for its ample input/output (I/O) pins, crucial for connecting to various engine sensors and actuators, but also for the robust processing capabilities of its AT91SAM3X8E microcontroller. This processing power is essential for performing the rapid calculations necessary to manage engine functions in real-time. To integrate the Arduino Due and create a robust, car-ready ECU, Mbiria designed a custom Printed Circuit Board (PCB). This PCB acts as an interface, connecting the Arduino to the injectors, ignition system, and user interface components. The beauty of this Arduino-based ECU lies in its adaptability. By making relatively straightforward adjustments to the Arduino sketch, Mbiria can tailor the ECU’s firmware to suit a wide array of different car models, demonstrating the flexibility and power of DIY engine management solutions for automotive enthusiasts and professionals alike.
